Large Screen Television Technology

A large screen television is the dream of all entertainment enthusiasts. How about spending an evening watching your favorite movies on television? It will be no less than enjoying ultimate luxury at the comfort of your home as the quality of picture and sound is similar to that of miniature cinema hall. Although there are several flat screen technology, but only the liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display (PDP), digital light processing (DLP) has been introduced to the consumers. Large screen television technology has outshined cathode ray tubes (CRT) in the television space, primarily because of its large size and the recent craze of buying flatter television.

On the other hand, forthcoming technologies such as, Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display (SED) or Field Emission Display (FED) are paving the way to substitute the first flat screen technologies in terms of high quality picture.

The following are significant factors for assessing television displays:

Display size: This stands for the diagonal length of the display.

Display resolution: This stands for the number of pixels in every dimension on a display.

Dot pitch: It enables sharper images as there are more pixels in a given area.

Response Time: It refers to the time taken by the display to respond to a given input. Quick response time can make better transitions in displaying moving objects devoid of useless image artifacts.

Brightness: It refers to the amount of light emitted from the display.

Contrast Ratio: This is characterized as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest color to the luminance of the darkest color on the display.

Aspect Ratio: Refers to the ratio of the display width to the display height. The aspect ratio of large screen televisions is 16:9 while that of traditional ones is 4:3.

Viewing Angle: It can be described as the maximum angle at which the display can be viewed with high quality.

Color Reproduction/Gamut: It refers to the range of colors that the display can perfectly represent.

References : -

"How LCDs Work." Howstuffworks.com. HowStuffWorks, Inc. 20 Mar 2007
"How Plasma Displays Work." Howstuffworks.com. HowStuffWorks, Inc. 20 Mar 2007
"Plasma Display." Answers.com. Answers Corporation 20 Mar 2007
"Plasma Display Panels." Plasmacoalition.org. Coalition for Plasma Science. 20 Mar 2007
"How Projection Television Works." Howstuffworks.com. HowStuffWorks, Inc. 20 Mar 2007
"Rear-Projection Television." Answers.com. Answers Corporation 20 Mar 2007
"Front-Projection Television." Answers.com. Answers Corporation 20 Mar 2007
"Rear-Projection Television. What You Need To Know." About.com. About, Inc. 20 Mar 2007

Examples of Volatile Flat Panel Displays : -

DLP (Digital Light Processing)
Plasma displays
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs)
Light-emitting diode display (LED)
Electroluminescent displays (ELDs)
Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SEDs)
Field emission displays (FEDs)
Nano-emissive display (NEDs)

Comparison of television display technologies

Although both LCD and Plasma displays are available in the form of slim flat panel displays, but if seen from a technological point of view, these two flat panel displays process the image in an absolutely diverse manner.

There are several considerations one has to take into account when choosing the display technology. To help you in making judicious decision here is a list of merits and limitations of each display technology with respect to your specific needs.

LCD

Advantages

LCD boast of some distinct advantages over other kinds of display technologies that includes, slim profile, light weight, reduced power consumption, un-vulnerable to burn-in, neither spew harmful electromagnetic waves nor suffer from glare in bright rooms and can be easily mounted on a wall.

Disadvantages

There are de-merits of course, restricted viewing angle, limited contrast ratio, slow response time, poor reproduction of black color, chances of defective pixels and last of all but the most significant: high price.

Plasma display

Advantages

Plasma TV offer several advantages over competition such as, they are slimmer and lighter, presents better color reproduction than LCDs with an amazing offering of 16 million color on standard screen, produce deep, true blacks, wide viewing angle, relatively cheaper than LCDs.

Disadvantages

Unfortunately, plasma televisions have a few limitations such as, prone to burn-in and image retention, chances of defective pixels, phosphors lose brightness in the due course of time, sizes smaller than 37 inches are unavailable, vulnerable to reflection glare in bright rooms and need active cooling.

Projection television

Advantages

Projection TV’s are relatively cheaper than their flat panel counterparts. The high quality picture in Front-projection is similar to that of Movie Theater. Front-projection occupies very little space because a projector screen is exceedingly slim, and can even run on a suitably prepared wall. Displays are available in exceptionally large sizes of up-to hundred of inches.

Disadvantages

Smaller viewing angle, susceptible to glare, lamp requires to be substituted after heavy usage, bulkier than flat panel televisions and are difficult to set up as the projector is separate and must be placed in front of the screen, usually on the ceiling.

Digital Signage Issues

Though Digital Signage (through LED ticker signs and LED video walls) has been in vogue for decades in the past it has however, not yet become a major public medium. The following are the likely reasons:

** Uncertain ROI: The cost of deploying digital signage currently stands prohibitive. Not only are large outdoor screens expensive (the LED signs in front of the Las Vegas Wynn Resort cost $15 million, for example) but much more common & cheaper form of digital signs based on LCD and plasma screens still represents a significant chunk of investment when a large network is planned. For example, the cost of installing one screen in a single restaurant in a large fast-food chain runs to millions of dollars. Any such investment has to be justified by a clear ROI plan before receiving approval;

** Unproven advertising effectiveness: Like the Internet in the early 1990s, the digital signage medium has not yet been widely accepted as a cost-effective advertising medium compared to the traditional means (TV, radio, flyers, etc.);

** Lack of proven technology –The technology used today has largely been originated from consumer-grade personal computer and DVD technology, which has not been designed to stand up to 24x7x365 pattern. Today, the demand by professional digital signage is 24x7x365 usage. Often under stress these systems can break, resulting in damage to brand image and liability disputes between advertisers and network operators.

The above issues are being addressed in the following ways:

** ROI: Studies have shown digital signage to be effective in aiding customer recall and retention of displayed information in large-scale merchandising applications, especially taking into account the downward trend in LCD panel and playback device prices. Today a small-scale retail or restaurant digital signage installation can be implemented for just $4-6,000, whose ROI may be realized immediately.

** Outdoor advertising picking up momentum – advertising dollars have been consistently shifting from traditional media such as TV and radio into outdoor advertising, creating a double-digit-growth new advertising segment which includes digital signage. However, ad agencies are still slow to explore the potential of out-of-home TV.

** Development of dedicated platform solutions – new technology has been developed that features reliability magnitudes greater than consumer-grade technology. Like professional TV broadcasting systems, the new technology enables worldwide content distribution and playback to stand up to the test of time.

Flat Panel Display

Today Flat panel displays are widely used. They cover a growing number of technologies that enable video displays that are lighter and much thinner compared to the traditional television and video displays which mostly use cathode ray tubes. They are usually less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. And are divided into two general categories, viz. Volatile or Static.

Volatile

Volatile displays require constant power output to refresh the image on screen many times a second. The image appears steady because the images are refreshed more often than the human eye can perceive.

Examples of Volatile Displays:

• DLP (Digital Light Processing)

• Plasma displays

• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)

• Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs)

• Light-emitting diode display (LED)

• Electroluminescent displays (ELDs)

• Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SEDs)

• Field emission displays (FEDs)

• Nano-emissive display (NEDs)

Only the first five of these displays are commercially available today, though OLED displays are beginning deployment only in small sizes (mainly in cellular telephones).

Static

Static flat panel displays rely on materials whose color states are bistable. This means that the image they hold requires no energy to maintain, but instead requires energy to change. This results in a much more energy efficient display, but with a tendency towards slow refresh rates which are undesirable in an interactive display.

Examples of Static displays are:

• electrophoretic displays (e.g. E Ink's electrophoretic imaging film)

• bichromal ball displays (e.g. Xerox's Gyricon)

• Interferometric Modulator displays (e.g. Qualcomm's iMod, a MEMS display.)

• Cholesteric displays (e.g. MagInk, Kent Displays)

• Bistable nematic liquid crystal displays (e.g. ZBD).

Bistable flat panel displays are beginning deployment in limited applications (Cholesteric displays, manufactured by Magink, in outdoor advertising; electrophoretic displays in e-book products from Sony and iRex; and bistable liquid crystal displays from ZBD in store shelf labels).

Flat panel displays balance their smaller footprint and trendy modern look with high production costs and in many cases inferior images compared with traditional CRTs. In many applications, specifically modern portable devices such as laptops, cellular phones, and digital cameras, whatever disadvantages are overcome by the portability requirements.

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